Mo PaiArchive

Valley and prefecture · Shaanxi, China

Hanzhong

The valley the Celestial Masters governed as a religious state.

An 1875 photograph of the city gate tower at Hanzhong, Shaanxi.
The gate tower at Hanzhong, photographed in 1875. Sixteen centuries earlier this valley was governed outright by the Celestial Masters as a religious state. Adolf Nikolay Boyarsky · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

For a few decades around the turn of the third century, the Way of the Celestial Masters governed the Hanzhong valley outright under Zhang Lu, grandson of Zhang Daoling: parishes, libationers, free lodging houses on the roads, and penalties administered through confession and public works.

It submitted to Cao Cao in 215 CE, and the movement scattered across China — which is how a regional religious polity became the institutional spine of Chinese Taoism.

Where this is written about